A review of flywheel energy storage systems: state of the art and opportunities

Thanks to the unique advantages such as long life cycles, high power density, minimal environmental impact, and quality fast response voltage stability, flywheel/kinetic energy storage system (FESS) is gaining attention recently. There noticeable progress in FESS, especially utility, large-scale deployment for electrical grid, renewable applications. This paper gives a review of recent developments FESS technologies. Due highly interdisciplinary nature FESSs, we survey different design approaches, choices subsystems, effects on performance, cost, focuses state art technologies, those commissioned or prototyped. We also highlighted opportunities potential directions future development